Courage in To Kill a Mockingbird Essay Example for Free

Courage in To Kill a Mockingbird Essay The book, To Kill a Mockingbird, is told from the point of view of a girl named Scout Finch. The story is set in a predominantly white neighborhood. Scouts father is a lawyer, and the story begins when he is tasked to defend an African-American wrongly accused of raping a white woman (Lee 2002). The involvement of Atticus Finch in this case brings upon them verbal and physical abuse, such that Scout almost fought off her aggressors in school with her fists (Lee 2002). Her father, Atticus, tells her not to be provoked, to keep out of trouble, as they should not mind what other people are saying (Lee 2002).   This shows what Plutarch is saying regarding courage: â€Å"Courage consists not in hazarding fear, but being resolutely minded in a just cause.† For sure, Atticus is fearful for his strong-willed daughter and son; however, he is resolute on defending Tom Robinson. Atticus courage is not about skirting fear, but seeing only the justification for taking on Tom Robinsons case. Like a horse with blinders, Atticus is focused on the case. This is why he does not want Scout or Scouts brother Jem, to fight other people when they taunt the children regarding the case: other people do not matter. As long as Atticus knows that what he is doing is right, opinions of other people should not bother him. This is what he is trying to instill upon his children. He is also trying to teach them that courage does not only come from ones fist or the barrel of the gun; courage is being deciding to follow through with a decision whatever it takes, regarding the insurmountable challenges. This for me is one of the aspects of courage. It is important to be resolute on a decision. As people say, obstacles occur when our mind is taken off the goal. It also takes courage to keep ones eyes on the goal, to ignore the obstacles in our peripheral vision. No matter how insurmountable the challenge is, we still have to go for it, especially if we believe it to be right. Our world is shaped by people faced with impossibilities, yet they did not give up. These people caused the French Revolution, invented light bulbs, fought for womens suffrage. We all live in a better world today because of them, and they did it because they had courage.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Courage I feel, is also found in everyday decisions. Obviously, it takes courage to sign the document that would start the Manhattan project, but courage is also involved when one befriends a stranger too. Scout does this in the book, befriending and trying to see what the world is like for Boo Radley (Lee 2002). Other people shun him, and make up horrible stories instead, but Scout has the courage of a child not yet corrupted by the world. In the end, she realizes that he is a good person. This is a courageous act, admitting your mistake, and accepting someone ostracized by society. Scout may not be aware of the implications of her action, but she flouted her neighborhoods notion of propriety (just like her dad), and reinstating the fact that humans are above the standards we set for ourselves. This is courage too. And I believe that this is the hardest of all to do. To fight injustices in your everyday life is not only exhausting but harrowing, yet this is one area you will be able to do your most. Everyday decisions require staunchness of decision; these decisions are not â€Å"one-time big-time† deals. You will live with the effects of these decisions for every single day of the rest of your life, and the effects will be magnified.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Courage also must precede all other qualities. If one does not have the courage to do what is right, even if one has a sense of what is right and wrong, this knowledge will not be put to use, because fear will convolute ones sense of right and wrong. Winston Churchill once said, â€Å"Courage is rightly esteemed the first of human qualities because it is the quality which guarantees all others.† In the book, Atticus was courageous enough to follow through with his conviction that Tom Robinson is innocent (Lee 2002). He knows he will inevitably lose the case, as the jury is all-white (Lee 2002). Yet, he forges on. If he did not push through with his decision, or if he wavers, we would not have seen his other attributes: a responsible and loving father, an understanding neighbor, an upright man. If he had let himself be dwarfed by fear, we would not have seen the other qualities, as these have all been dwarfed by fear.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   There is another aspect to courage I must point out: courage is not being able to not know fear while undertaking a difficult task. Courage knows this fear, even before one accepts the task, and yet goes on with it anyway. Courage, for me, knows fear, of being fully aware of the implications of your decision, and you continue because you will not forgive yourself if you did not do the right thing or if you continue so that those who come after you will not be placed in the same situation. This for me is the essence of courage: of making a decision, and acting upon it, so that other people will not have to make the same decision because you have made the world a better place to live in. Courage prefers to go out like a blaze in the night. It is, to quote Dylan Thomas, to go not gently into the night, and to rage, rage against the dying of the light.

Cases Reported on Sexual Harassment in Malaysia :: Legal Issues, Misconduct

1.0 Edaran Communication SB lwn Tahar Mohamed (1998) 3 ILR 487 The accused was terminated from his position in the company due to his immoral acts toward his subordinate female workers. According to the Company Second Witness (C2W) who is an officer cleaner, the accused has been harassing her from February until March 1997. The accused has touched her on her shoulder and constantly asking her to go out for a date. However, C2W rejected the invitation every time he asked her and that led to the constant invitations by the accused. In another occasion, C2W was asked by the accused to clean a room in the office was later she found out it do not need to be cleaned. Later, the accused pull her arm and asked her to sit but victim freaked out and leave the room. In the last occasion, the victim was hugged from back while she was performing her duties. All complains showed that the accused has used his superiority to dominate his subordinate. This is a major situation in most sexual harassment cases either in workplace, home and even in universities. Pe ople, who owned a higher degree of authority (usually male) and have a sexual harassing tendency, would use this opportunity as a weapon against his victims. In Edaran Communication, the accused had also harassed the tea-lady (C3W) by holding her hand, constantly inviting her to go out and also inviting her into an empty room which scared the victim that he might harass her. The patterns done were similar to the same pattern done towards C2W. This proved that harasser will copy his previous act toward the other victims if he thinks it will work on her too. The company in this case, Edaran Communication SB has an effective human resources management where the complaint board does not only cover clerical workers and officers but cover the cleaners who are not permanent workers in the company. The victims had made complaints to the board and according to the Company Sixth Witness (C6W), they had called the accused for investigation process. The accused then denied the allegation, and the company asked him to provide a written replied to deny the allegation made but he failed to do so. Later, the company disciplinary board found him guilty for the charges alleged based on evidences provided and he was dismissed. He claimed that the dismissal was unlawful.

Marketing Concept and the possible limitations Essay

Marketing is defined as a social and managerial process by which individuals and groups obtain what they need and want through creating and exchanging products and values with others.(Kotler.P 2002 : 5) The goals of marketing is to attract new customers by promising superior value and keep and grow current customers by delivering satisfaction. There are five core concepts of marketing, which includes needs, wants and demand; products, services and experience; value, satisfaction and quality; exchanges, transactions and relationships; and finally, market and marketing. After World War II, the variety of products increased and hard selling no longer could be relied upon to generate sales. Customers afford to be selective and buy products which can precisely met their changing needs with increased discretionary income. The key questions arose: What do customers want? Can we develop it while they still want it, and how can we keep our customers satisfied? In order to response to these discerning customers, firms began to adopt the marketing concept. This involves focusing on customer needs before developing the product, aligning all functions of the company to focus on those needs, and realizing a profit by successfully satisfying customer needs in long-term. In other words, in the context of marketing concept, company must first determine what the consumer wants, then produces what they wants, then sells the consumer what they wants. In marketing concept, more listening to and eventual accommodation of the target market occurs. Two-way communication is emphasized in marketing so â€Å"learning† can take place and product offerings can be improved. Business must first fulfill consumers’ needs and wants. Marketing concept â€Å"holds that the key to achieving organizational goals consists in determining the needs and wants of target markets and delivering the desired satisfactions more effectively and efficiently than competitors† (online material #5) To illustrate the marketing concept, Peter Drucker, in 1954 said: â€Å"If we want to know what business is, we must first start with its purpose†¦Ã‚  There is only one valid definition of business purpose: to create a customer. What business thinks it produces is not of first importance – especially not to the future of the business or to its success. What the customer thinks he/she is buying, what he/she considers â€Å"value† is decisive – it determines what a business is, what it produces, and whether it will prosper.† (Online material #4) Marketing concept was considered a breakthrough in business philosophy. It’s because it represented the antithesis of the product, production, and selling concepts. The marketing concept holds that businesses should first determine the existing needs in the marketplace and then design and produce a product to satisfy this need rather than taking an existing product and endeavoring to modify demand for it by reducing price or varying promotional technique. Marketing concept plays an important part in an organization. According to the Customer Service Institute, it costs as much as five times as much to acquire a new customer than it does to service an existing one and that the customers tell twice as many people about a bad experience over a good one. According to their studies, 65% of the business of an average company comes from its presently satisfied customers. (Online material #4) There are a range of firms gain success and earns at a very high profit through the use of marketing concept. One of the examples of successful organization implementing marketing concept is JVC. JVC has been building and expanding its mobile electronics capabilities throughout the last decade, and it now markets a complete line of mobile audio equipment and accessories. In the December of 1998, JVC celebrated its success. (Online material #3) JVC launched revolutionary and market-making products like the world’s smallest CD changer, cutting-edge MD-to-CD receiver for audio aficionados, as well as JVC’s loaded  car A/V system. JVC sees customers’ needs and wants and made an attempt to fill their needs and wants, and satisfy them by expanding its product offerings and adding more varied and exciting features. They are very successful in satisfying their  customer that their customers know that with JVC, they are getting the very best sound for their dollar. JVC is so successful with its marketing concepts that they have become a global leader in the development and manufacturing of innovative audio and video hardware, as well as related software products. Another example of successful firm is the Thayer Interactive Group (TIG), an online hospitality marketing firm. TIG sees that consumer behavior has changed. People are using the internet more than ever to make research of different options prior to booking travel, and that they are approaching hotels preemptively. Therefore, TIG targets individuals who are actively looking for lodging solutions at the precise place and time that they wanted to get. Because they know that the consumers nowadays are buying based on â€Å"get more, pay little†, their program offers the industry’s first and only comprehensive suite of Web marketing services designed to administer all aspects of a hotel’s internet presence, AND bypass excessive fees charged by third-party travel sites. TIG even provides a customized â€Å"five-part program† – website development and content management; search engine marketing; guerilla marketing and online advertising; reporting and analysis; and proactive account management. The objective is to deliver the travel consumer directly to individually managed hotel Web sites which allows them to maintain control of pricing and avoid excessive third-party fees.TIG is so successful that it is already generating an average of more than $1 million in incremental revenue per participating hotel. (Online material #2) Other successful firms which have adopted the marketing concept are such as  Procter and Gamble, Wal-Mart, Marriott, Dell Computer etc. The marketing concept is founded upon the assumption that consumers are knowledgeable, intelligent, and rational, and base their product purchases upon a careful consideration of the relationship between their own needs and product attributes. However, do the consumers always know what is â€Å"needed†? In many cases, customers do not know what they want or even what is possible. For example, 30 years ago, how many consumers would have thought to ask for 24-hour Internet brokerage accounts and DVD players? Moreover, by focusing on customers’ needs, marketing concept ignore other important stakeholders. In order to implement marketing concept, a lot of research are needed to be carried out and it is very expensive to do such marketing researches. In U.S., the latest consumerism movement has caused limitations to marketing concept as well. Nowadays, consumers assert their rights to products which are safe, economic, reliable, honestly labeled and advertised, and product’s impact upon the environment. Moreover, consumerists have been very proactive in seeing that these â€Å"rights† are guaranteed, either by the firms selling the products or by the government of the U.S. In this, Peter Drucker blamed the marketers for failing their consumers and publics in using the marketing concept: We have asked ourselves where in the marketing concept consumerism fits or belong. I have come to conclusion that the only way one can really define it within the marketing concept is as the shame it. It is essentially a mark of failure of the concept†¦ (Drucker P. 1969). (Online material #5) It is often taken for granted that the marketing concept is true. The concept is usually expressed as the assertion that firms which are marketing oriented will do better than firms which are not. This assertion is being put to test empirically by Massey University by comparing the financial  results of firms exhibiting high levels of marketing orientation with those of lower levels. The result showed that there is actually no clear association between adapting in line with marketing concept and success. (Online material #1) In order to adapt and implement marketing concept, firms have to be able to meet changing customer needs and wants, as well as competitor strategies. There are a number of firms such as General Motors and Zenith, which lost substantial market share because they failed to adjust their marketing strategies to the changing market. Top management in an organization must ensue that all employees are driven by marketing concept. They must be driven by the marketing concept before they can expect employees to whole-heartedly commit to it. In addition, top management should foster an organizational culture and set organizational values that embody the concept by encouraging cross-functional communication and coordination directed toward satisfying the needs of the customers. Bibliography Armstrong G & Kotler P, 2002, Marketing An Introduction 6th ed, Prentice Hall, New Jersey Online Material #1: Marketing Bulletin,1991,2,1-7, http://marketing-bulletin.massey.ac.nz/article2/article1b.asp [22/9/2003] Online Material #2: Business Editors,2002,Thayer Interactive Group Proves Marketing Concept to Hotel Industry, http://www.findarticles.com/cf_0/mOEIN/2002_Oct_7/92536200/p1/article.jhtml?term=%22marketing+concept%22 [20/9/2003] Online Material #3: Business Editors,1998,JVC Celebrates Success in Mobile Electronics With New Image and New Marketing Concept, http://www.findarticles.com/cf_0/m4PRN/1998_Dec_15/53402065/p1/article.jhtml?term=%22marketing+concept%22 [20/9/2003] Online Material #4: The Research Exchange Vol.5, http://www.ncddr.org/du/researchexchange/v05n01/adapting%20Marketing%20Concept.htm [23/9/2003] Online Material #5: Robert D,Social Responsibility,Consumerism,and The Marketing Concept,1999, http://www.sbaer.uca.edu/Research/1999/SMA/99sma110.htm [24/9/2003]

Key Characteristics Of A Stakeholder - 1533 Words

Key Characteristics of a Stakeholder There are three methods to describe a stakeholder, the primary, secondary, and key stakeholder. The primary stakeholders are the individuals or groups that can be affected in a positive or negative way. The strength of a stakeholder action within an agency, institution, or organization can bring a positive effect to regulate the benefits of one group or may have a negative effect on another individual or group. For an example of an apartment is rent control this mean that the tenant will benefit and not the owner/landlord (Halbert Ingulli, 2012, p.373). Next, secondary stakeholders are individual or groups are indirectly affected, either positive or negative actions of an agency, institution, or organization. A program to reduce gang violence on our African American youth. For example, this would have a positive effect on emergency room staff by decreasing the number victim they see due to gang violence. This may require more officers on the street to help them handle gang violence. Both of individuals or groups would be secondary stakeholders (Halbert Ingulli, 2012, p.373). Lastly, key stakeholder, who might belong to either the primary or secondary groups, are those who can have a positive or negative effect on an organization. The Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of an organization, for example PharmaCARE, might be a key stakeholder, but so might the sponsor/healer who works directly with consumers. Other examples of a keyShow MoreRelatedThe Purpose of Leadership in Healthcare Essay1336 Words   |  6 Pagesthe vision and coordinating and balancing the conflicts interests of all members and stakeholders. On the other hand, a leader is a person who influences a group of people in order to achieve certain goal. According to Oliver, (2006), leader is an individual who has an ability to demonstrate a specific set of role of behaviours in order to influence the others behaviours and attitudes. There three factor or keys that necessary to obtain a goal, which are the person, people, and purpose. FigureRead MoreWhy Do We Use Different Types Of Contracts On Projects?1045 Words   |  5 Pages 2.1 CONTRACT ESTABLISHMENT Why do we use different types of contracts on projects? â€Æ' 2.2 LEARNING OBJECTIVES At the end of this section you will be able to: †¢ Describe the typical contract types †¢ Explain key elements that govern contract type selection †¢ Explain the key principles of agreement between Reliance and the contractor â€Æ' 2.3 CONTRACTS TYPES †¢ Lump Sum – Contractor is required to provide upfront for all risks and costs for performing to contract defined requirements; ContractorRead MoreBusiness For Social Responsibility ( Bsr )1278 Words   |  6 PagesCase Study 1: Stakeholder Mapping Introduction Business for Social Responsibility (BSR) is an international nonprofit organization that aims to â€Å"work with business to create a just and sustainable world† (BSR, 2014). To achieve this mission, BSR promotes collaboration and strategic planning in order to catalyze behavioral change (BSR, 2014). With a mission to drive social and environmental innovation, stakeholder analysis is a core competency at BSR. This organization has developed a five-step modelRead MoreStakeholder Analysis1520 Words   |  7 PagesGroups supported by the DGIS/TMF-BirdLife funding scheme Guidelines on Stakeholder analysis Contents 1. How to identify the stakeholders ................................................................................................................. 1 2. Stakeholder analysis.................................................................................................................................... 1 3. The Stakeholder Analysis Report .....................................................Read MoreStrategic Human Resource Management ( Shrm ) Essay1470 Words   |  6 Pages Baluch, A. M., 2011) in order to keep up with the ever-changing environments of non-profits due to political, environmental and/or social changes. NPOs are different than regular for-profit businesses as they have limited resources and more stakeholders. In order to remain competitive NPOs are re-evaluating their current management systems and are being heavily encouraged to consider the option of results-based management or strategic management. â€Å"Results-based management is a goal-driven, proactiveRead MoreOverview Of Methodologies. Effectuation . Effectual Reasoning1615 Words   |  7 Pageslook at bad news or feedback as potential opportunities (â€Å"What is effectuation?† 2011). 2. Strategic Partnerships - Building relationships with self-selecting stakeholders early on is key so you can co-create the market together (â€Å"What is effectuation?† 2011). Avoid doing a competitive analysis (Sarasvathy, n.d.). Additionally, target key companies instead of conducting broad market research. Developing pre-commitments reduces uncertainty in the future (Sarasvathy, n.d.). 3. Leveraging ContingenciesRead MoreHow To Communicate With Stakeholders In Crisis Communication Case Study1734 Words   |  7 PagesAs stakeholders play such an important role in shaping an organization’s reputation, this study now turns to define what a stakeholder is and how to communicate with stakeholders in the case of crisis. Many communication scholars (e.g. Cooper, 2003; Dougherty, 1992; Gray, Owen, Adams, 1996; Lerbinger, 1997) have asserted that stakeholders are a group of people, or public, that mutually influence an organization. Stakeholders are interested in particular organizations, and in turn, organizationsRead MoreIntegrative Project: Duke Childrens Hospital Case Analysis1018 Words   |  4 Pagesat that time since their rates of satisfaction greatly dropped followed by their productivity and the employee turnover became so great. Generally all the stakeholders to the hospital were affected negatively and in a manner that was open and noticeable. It called for a deliberate effort by the management as well as all the other stakeholders to take steps toward solving the crisis lest the hospital risked closure sooner. This was achieved through implementation of the comprehensive balanced scorecardRead MoreSample Resume : Box D1496 Words   |  6 PagesKEY PLAYERS- a) 1.Shareholders including investors, owners, partners, directors, people owning shares or stock, banks and anyone having a financial stake in the business b) 2. Employees including temporary and permanent staff and managers. KEEP STATISFIED a) Customers including clients, purchasers, consumers and end users- b) Suppliers including manufactures, service providers, consultants and contract labour c) Joint Collaborators KEEP INFORMED a) Society including people in the local communityRead MoreMng301 Strategic Management Possible Questions1462 Words   |  6 Pagesterm â€Å"a competitive advantage?† Provide an example (2) 3. Define the term â€Å"stakeholder† and name eight stakeholders that are associated with most firms (10) 4. Who are the most important stakeholders in an organization; the employees or the shareholders? Why? (2) 5. Differentiate between quantitative and qualitative decisions (2) 6. Briefly discuss the four key elements of the strategic management process (8) 7. Discuss five benefits